不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点：

一， 下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗:

决心学会想希望,，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮。

Decide ,determine, learn, want, expect , hope ,wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer,promise, choose, plan, agree, ask , beg, help

此外，afford, strive (斗争)等也要用不定式作宾语。例如:

①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.

③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companiesare striving to make their producs more competitive.

二， 下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗:

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，

不禁介意准逃亡。

consider ,suggest ,advise, look forward to,excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy,avoid, miss, keep ,keep on, practise, deny,finish, enjoy , appreciate, can't help, mind, allowpermit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk

此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devoteto, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attentionto, can't stand (无法忍受)，give up, feel like, insiston, put off thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a goodwonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。

①The squirrels was lucky that they just missedbeing caught.

②l can hardly imagine Peter sailing across theAtlantic Ocean in five days.

l would appreciate your calling back thisafternoon.

三、1.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事

forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事

remember to do sth. 记住去做某事

remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事

regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regretdoing sth.后悔做过某事

stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stopdoing sth.停止做一件事情

try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事

try doingsth.尝试着做某事

mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 meandoing sth.意味着做某事

go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事go ondoing sth. 继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)

can't help to do sth.不能帮助做某事

can't helpdoing sth.情不自禁地做某事

2.动词like, love, prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。 如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意: 如果like,love, prefer前有would /should后面则应接动词不定式。如:

like swimming, but l don't like to swim thisafternoon.

I'd like to go swimming this weekend.

3.在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 即:

allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.

allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如: We don't allow smoking here.

We don't allow students to smoke.

4.动词need, require, want作“需要'解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语， 表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need表“需要”，require表“要求”，want表“想要"这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即:

need , require , want doing 1 to be done

need / require , want sb. to do sth.

be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)

be worth doing

be worthy of being done

be worthy of+ n.值得 .....

be worthy to be done

如:

1.窗户需要 擦一下：

①The window needs / requires / wants/cleaning.

②The window needs /requires / wants to be cleaned.

2. 那个地方值得去：

① The place is worth visiting.

② The place is worthy of a visit.

③The place is worthy of being visited.

④The place is worthy to be visited.

3.

①only one of these books is worth reading.

②一What do you think of the book?

Oh, excellent, It's worth reading a second time.

四，动词不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask,decide, wonder, find out等词的宾语时，前面常带wh一引导词。即how, what, whether, where,when,who等+todo。但why+不带to的不定式。

注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如:He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.)

don't know what to do. ( = I don't know what I'lldo.)

Can you tell me why do it?

五、动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。另外在can'tchoose but, can't help but, can't but后面的不定式也要省略to。如:

We could do nothing but /other than wait.We had nothing to do but / other than wait.

We have no choice but to wait.

can't choose but laugh.

★不定式、分词作状语用法要点：

一，不定式作状语

He sat down to have a rest.(表目的)

They went there to visit their teacher.他们去那里拜访老师。 (表目的)

He woke up only / just to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。 (表示结果)

My grandmother lived to see the liberation ofChina.

我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。 (表示结果)

在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐，也常用不定式作状语，后跟不定式表示原因。如:

l am very glad to see you.我非常高兴地见到你。

l am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。

在带有enough或too的句子里，语， 表示程度。 如:

He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。

He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。

She is too tired to do the job.她太累而不能做那件工作了。

注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了)或so as to (以便) +动词原形。 so as to不用于句首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起为了赶上第一班车。

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。

To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)

To tell you the truth, | have got no money about me.

To be honest, l know nothing about it. (修饰全句， 独立成分)

二，分词作状语

1.分词作状语的基本原则

1.分词作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系， 否则不能使用分词作状语。

2 .分词作状语的句法功能。

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、 行为方式、伴随状况等。 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如:

Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)

Be careful while 1 when crossing the street. (时间)

Having been bitten by a snake, she wasfrightened at it. (原因)

Given a chance,I can surprise the world. (条件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking intopieces. (结果)

Having been told many times, he still repeatedthe same mistake. (让步)

The teacher came into the lab, followed by somestudents. (伴随状况)

3.独立成分作状语。

有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受，上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有:

Generally speaking ... 一般说来 Franklyspeaking ..坦白地说

Judging from ... 根据....来判断 Considering ..考虑到....

To tell you the truth ... 说实话★非谓语动词其它用法

4. 疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词 (who, which, when, where, how, what等)

不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如:

I didn't know what to do. (宾语)

When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)

My question was how to get SO many books. (表语)

注意句型: Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?

5. 不定式的主动和被动

不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如:

Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ? (Aknife cuts the watermelon.)

2 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑.上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如:

She has a sister to look after. (She looks afterher sister.)

l know what to do. (I do what.)

3.不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.如:

This book is difficult to understand.This kind of fish is nice to eat.

4.在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式; 如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如:

There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to dothe work. )

There is a lot of work to be done. (The work hasto be done. )

请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点:

There is nothing to do. (无事可做, 感到十分乏味。)

There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)

三、不定式符号to的保留问题:

有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后: expect, hope,wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try; 或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有: be, have, havebeen, 这些词要保留。如:

l haven't been to Hong Kong, butI wish to.

Are you on holiday ?

No, but I'd like to be.

didn't tell him the news.我没有告诉他那个消息。

Oh,yououghttohave.噢，你本应该告诉他的

四、动名词作主语

动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。

Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.

Itis / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.tis/wasuseless

如: It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜没有什么好处

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的致。

Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.

眼见为实。

五、注意以下表达的意义区别:

falling leaves正在下落的树叶

fallen leaves已经落下的树叶

boiling water沸腾的水

boiled water烧开过的水

developing countries发展中国家 developedcountries发达国家

like swimming, but l don't like to swim this afternoon.

Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.

The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight ofthe snake. (The girl was frightened.看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。

His frightening shout scared the boys.